NOK: Look Ahead to the September 2010 Quarter

This post describes our model of Nokia's (NYSE: NOK and HEL:NOK1V) Income Statement for the third quarter, which will end on 30 September 2010.

The purpose of the model is to establish a baseline for identifying surprises, positive or negative, in the quarterly results the company will report.  Estimates for each line of the Income Statement are derived from management's guidance, the company's historical financial results, and other publicly available data.

We begin by reviewing background information about Nokia and the business environment in which it is currently operating.

A Finnish company with a rich history, Nokia Corporation has been the leading global producer of mobile phones since 1998.  The company also sells the network infrastructure that supports these phones. 

Nokia's sales, earnings, and share price have fallen precipitously in recent years.  Global economic weakness has certainly had a negative effect.  However, the most visible and far-reaching problem has been Nokia's inability to stem the success of Apple's (NASDAQ: AAPL) iPhone, which was first introduced in 2007.  The Blackberry product line sold by Research in Motion (NASDAQ: RIMM) and, more recently, smartphones based on the Android architecture promoted by Google (NASDAQ: GOOG) have also become popular at Nokia's expense. 

In the latest and most dramatic attempt to regain its competitive position, Nokia announced on 10 September 2010 that it would replace its Chief Executive Officer with Mr. Steven Elop, formerly of Microsoft. 

Among other things, the company hopes Mr. Elop, a Canadian citizen, will be able to resolve its long-standing difficulties in North America.  Only 3 percent of the mobile devices Nokia sold in 2009 and only 5 percent of Nokia's net sales in 2009 were in North America.

The overall profit attributable to Nokia shareholders fell to €891 million in 2009, from €4.0 billion in 2008 and €7.2 billion in 2007.  Net Sales dropped from €50.7 billion in 2008 to €41.0 billion in 2009.

The price of Nokia ADRs has fallen about 75 percent from a $40 peak in late 2007.  The company's market capitalization is now roughly $38 billion.

Nokia has three business segments:  Devices and Services (D&S), Nokia Siemens Networks (NSN), and  NAVTEQ.  The latter is tiny in comparison to the first two.

D&S brought in Revenue of €27.8 billion in 2009, about 68 percent of Nokia's total, and it had an operating profit of €3.3 billion.  The other two business segments had operating losses in 2009.

Revenue from Nokia Siemens Networks in 2009 was €12.6 billion, 30 percent of total Revenue.  NSN lost €1.6 billion, which included a €900 million charge for goodwill impairment.  Nokia and Siemens (NYSE: SI) formed NSN as a 50/50 partnership in April 2007 to better compete in the network infrastructure market.

NAVTEQ's Revenue last year was €579 million, and it lost €344 million.

Nokia devices have long used the Symbian operating system, but the company also uses Maemo, a Linux derivative, in some newer products.  Nokia is now working with Intel (NASDAQ: INTC) to combine the Maemo and Moblin mobile operating systems into MeeGo.

Nokia earned €0.06 per diluted share on an IFRS basis in 2010's second quarter, which ended on 30 June.  This EPS amount was 40 percent less than the €0.10 Nokia made in the same quarter of 2009.  Readers wanting to take another look at Nokia's June 2010 quarter are referred to our Income Statement and Financial Gauge analyses.


We're now ready to look ahead to Nokia's results for the September 2010 quarter.  Please recall that Nokia's financial statements conform to International Financial Reporting Standards.  Amounts are expressed in Euros (€).

When Nokia announced its second-quarter results on 22 April 2010, it delineated its expectations for the third quarter and the remainder of 2010.  The following subset of the guidance statements are pertinent to the present exercise.

Devices and Services

• Nokia expects Devices & Services net sales to be between EUR 6.7 billion and EUR 7.2 billion in the third quarter 2010.

• Nokia expects its non-IFRS operating margin in Devices & Services to be between 7% to 10% in the third quarter 2010.

• Nokia continues to target non-IFRS operating expenses in Devices & Services of approximately EUR 5.7 billion in 2010.

Nokia Siemens Networks 

• Nokia and Nokia Siemens Networks expect Nokia Siemens Networks’ net sales to be between EUR 2.7 billion and EUR 3.1 billion in the third quarter 2010.

• Nokia and Nokia Siemens Networks expect the non-IFRS operating margin in Nokia Siemens Networks to be between -2% and 2% in the third quarter 2010.

• Nokia and Nokia Siemens Networks now target Nokia Siemens Networks to maintain its market share in 2010. This is an update to Nokia and Nokia Siemens Networks earlier target for Nokia Siemens Networks to grow faster than the market in 2010. 

If we add the company's Revenue guidance for the Devices and Services business (€6.7 billion to €7.2 billion) and for Nokia Siemens Networks (€2.7 billion to €3.1 billion) and assume NAVTEQ's Revenue will be between €200 million and €300 million, we find the Revenue guidance for the entire company is €9.6 billion to €10.6 billion.

We are using the €10.1 billion midpoint as our estimate for Nokia's total Revenue in the third quarter.


According the guidance excerpted above, a non-IFRS operating margin between 7 percent and 10 percent is forecast for the Devices and Services business.  This range's midpoint, 8.5 percent, combined with the D&S Revenue midpoint of €6.95 billion, yields (1 - 0.085) * €6.95 billion = €6.36 billion as an estimate for D&S non-IFRS operating expenses.

Similarly, NSN's non-IFRS operating margin is forecast between -2 percent and +2 percent.  A zero-percent operating margin is equivalent to saying that operating expenses will eat up all of NSN's revenue. We are using NSN Revenue midpoint of €2.9 billion for NSN non-IFRS operating expenses.

If we assume that NAVTEQ has a 20 percent operating margin, its operating expenses would be (1 - 0.2)  * 250 million =  €200 million.

These figures for D&S, NSN, and NAVTEQ non-IFRS operating expenses (6.36 + 2.9 + 0.2) adds up to €9.46 billion.  If we redo the calculations using the high and low extremes for the Revenue and Operating Margin guidance, we find that the range of uncertainty is roughly plus or minus €300 million assuming the guidance is realistic.

Our next step is to partition the €9.46 billion non-IFRS operating expense estimate into three components:  Cost of Goods Sold,  Research and Development, and Sales, General and Administrative.  (Nokia divides the latter category into Selling & Marketing and Administrative & General.)  We have assumed that these expense components will have the same relative proportions they had in the first half of 2010:  CGS was 73.2 percent of non-IFRS operating expenses,  R&D was 14.5 percent, and SG&A was 12.3 percent. 

These percentages gives us an initial second-quarter estimates of €6.93 billion, €1.37 billion, and €1.16 billion for CGS, R&D, and SG&A, respectively.  The CGS estimate translates into a Gross Margin of (1 - 6.93/10.1) = 31.4 percent.

The reported expenses will be somewhat higher than the non-IFRS figures.  We have estimated, based on data from the first half of 2010, that we need to add €70 million to non-IFRS Cost of Goods Sold, €150 million to non-IFRS R&D, and €130 million to non-IFRS SG&A to approximate the IFRS expenses.  These additions gives us totals of €7.00 billion, €1.52 billion, and €1.29 billion for CGS, R&D, and SG&A, respectively.

There might also be special other operating items (e.g., restructuring charges, workforce reduction expenses, asset impairment), but we will assume not.

With these figures, our estimate for Operating Income is €292 million.  In the third quarter of 2009, Nokia had an Operating loss of €426 million because of special charges over €900 million.

For Non-operating items (e.g., interest), our estimate is a €75 million net expense.

Nokia's effective tax rate has been erratic from quarter to quarter.  Our 20 percent estimate is a wag, and could be too low.  If we also assume €100 million for Noncontrolling Interests, our prediction for Net Income becomes €274 million (€0.07/share). 

Please click here to see a full-sized, normalized depiction of the projected results next to Nokia's quarterly Income Statements for the last couple of years.  Please note that our organization of revenues, expenses, gains, and losses, which we use for all analyses, can and often does differ in material respects from company-used formats.  The standardization facilitates cross-company comparisons.







Full disclosure: Long NOK at time of writing.